Hydrophore PumpProducts/Hydrophore System

Hydrophore Pump, we supply/install & commissioning of horizontal centrifugal or vertical centrifugal hydrophore pumps (Single or multistage pump) to a hydrophore system skid / hydrophore skid package.

Hydrophore Pumps are crucial equipment integrated to ensure uninterrupted supply of water to all areas of the ship or building regardless of height limits.

Hydrophore Pressure Pumps can be Single Centrifugal pump or Multistage Centrifugal pump. Pumps can be made of cast iron, stainless steel or bronze.

Centrifugal Pump – Single Stage

Centrifugal pumps are the most common type of pump available and account for approximately 70% of pump types used and refers to one of the main three families of pumps.

A single-stage centrifugal as of one impeller rotating on a shaft within a pump casing which is designed to produce fluid flow when driven by a motor. It is one of the simplest designs of pumps available and many variations in design exist to satisfy the duty requirements of applications. Impeller design is changed to accommodate clean, dirty and solid laden liquids, with several mechanical seal types to accommodate variations in applications.

The different types of centrifugal pump include:

Close-coupled - where the pump head and motor are directqly connected without coupling.

Long-coupled 

- where the pump and motor are mounted on a base plate and connected via a coupling.

Vertical Inline 

- Pump is mounted Vertically, where stages are stacked one on top of the next. These pumps are great for space saving.

Vertical inline pumps can be close coupled of long coupled when fitted with a spacer bracket. Its ability to deliver high pressure output with a single pump body and motor combo is also a plus.

Different standards exist in centrifugal pump design to define the conditions in which the pumps will operate in and also the expected design down to individual components:

DIN24255 / EN733 - A design standard incorporating set dimensions between the centre line of the inlet and outlet flanges.

ISO2858 / ISO5199 / ASME B73.1 / EU Chemical Standard - These standards detail the dimensions between the centre line of discharge and inlet and outlet flanges, levels of vibrations, shaft deflection, and permissible forces within the pump.

API610 - A pump design typically used within the oil industry (American Petroleum Industry) containing the most stringent design standards available ensuring pump has an overhung bearing design, maximum permissible forces, service intervals, casing thickness and life span of 26 years.

Centrifugal pumps utilize an impeller inside a volute to transfer rotational energy into hydraulic energy by imparting a centrifugal force on a given liquid.

Centrifual Pumps – Multi Stage Vertical / Horizontal

A multistage centrifugal pump is a rotating device that converts kinetic energy into a liquid head. This is one way of defining a centrifugal pump. There are many more, but for us, this is enough. In simple language, you can say that it is a machine used to transport fluids from one place to another. Multistage industrial pumps are used in all facilities such as refineries, oil production platforms, petrochemical plants, power plants, etc. Of course, multistage pumps are also used in other industries such as agriculture, food processing and residential construction as well as water supply.

Multistage centrifugal pumps have multiple liquid chambers (or stages) that are connected in series. Fluid enters the first chamber at suction line pressure and leaves at some elevated pressure. Upon leaving the first stage, the fluid enters the second stage where the pressure is increased further. On the left side of the pump is the suction port of the centrifugal multistage pump, which descends and enters the eye of the impeller. The impeller has a wear ring, and the impeller rotates inside the diffuser. We have a seal on the left. This is a mechanical seal. Mechanical seals are used to seal the space between the pump shaft and the pump casing. This prevents any leaks. We also have a ball bearing, also known as an anti-friction bearing. The liquid comes in from the suction port, enters the perforations of the impeller, exits through the impeller, and enters each impeller one by one, repeating the same process. Once we get to the final impeller, the liquid is drained and it goes out the top here, out of this drain.

This is the general layout of a multistage centrifugal pump, but now let's talk in more detail about how it works and what happens to a liquid as it flows through the pump.

We suck in the liquid at the inlet and the liquid goes into the eye of the impeller. The impeller rotates, and the impeller itself rotates within a stationary diffuser housing. We can see that around each impeller is a diffuser. In this particular pump, we have 7 impellers and 7 diffusers. The liquid enters the impeller's orifice and is thrown radially outward into the diffuser housing. Once it enters the diffuser, it changes direction and leaves the diffuser. The purpose of both the impeller and the diffuser is to reduce speed and increase pressure. Once the liquid comes out of the diffuser, it will be drained into the space in the housing. It will then be fed into the eye of the next impeller. Repeating this process the liquid is thrown radially. It will go through the impeller, through the diffuser, and then again we will get a reduction in speed and an increase in pressure. We repeat this process 7 times, and finally, the liquid will be discharged from the 7th impeller, and then the liquid will leave the pump through the outlet.

Each impeller and diffuser is classified as a stage. Our pump has 7 impellers and 7 diffusers, so it is classified as a 7-stage pump. It is important to realize that at each stage we are increasing the pressure but the flow rate is not changing.

The more stages the pump has, the higher the final discharge pressure. These pumps have the unique ability to produce higher and higher pressures with the addition of every stage, but flow range always remains constant for a given rpm.

Single-stage vs. multistage centrifugal pumps 

The primary difference between single-stage and multistage centrifugal pumps lies in the number of stages (also referred to as impellers) they have. As the name implies, single-stage pumps have only one impeller, whereas multistage pumps have at least two.

A centrifugal pump’s impeller is what pressurizes and transfers the liquid. Because multistage pumps have multiple impellers, their pressure ranges and flow rates are far superior.

Within a multistage centrifugal pump, each impeller acts like a single-stage pump within a chain of pumps. The advantages of multistage centrifugal pumps stem from this chain-like design.

As the liquid is propelled from one impeller to the next, its pressure increases while the flow rate remains constant.

By relying on multiple impellers to distribute the pressure-building load of the pump, multistage centrifugal pumps can generate greater power and higher pressure with smaller motors, therefore using less energy.

Difference Between Single Stage and Multistage – Pros and Cons 

DRINKING WATER standards – NSF61, BS6920 etc 

What is NSF/ANSI Standard 61? 

NSF the Organization 

The National Sanitation Foundation was originally founded in 1944 as an organization dedicated to standardizing sanitation and food safety regarding soda fountains and luncheonette equipment. Today, NSF International has grown to become an accredited, independent third-party certification body that tests and certifies a wide range of products to verify they meet certain public health and safety standards. NSF is accredited by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) to develop American National Standards and uses a ballot system similar to ANSI to revise and maintain those standards. Products that meet these requirements bear the NSF mark. 

NSF Standards

NSF/ANSI Standard 61 pertains to products in contact with potable or drinking water in the United States. This is a performance-based standard that evaluates the amount of contaminants that leach from the products into drinking water, rather than setting prescriptive limits on content. These products include butyl bladders, pipes, gaskets, hoses, faucets, water fountains, filters, valves lubricants, coatings, adhesives and more.

The National Sanitation Foundation’s standards help keep potable water in safe, drinkable conditions for the public. The NSF/ANSI Standard 61 certification signals that a product is safe to be installed in a potable water system for public use or consumption and is verified by a 3rd party.

NSF Certification and Compliance 

A product must undergo independent, 3rd party verification to be NSF certified. Regular on-site inspections and audits of materials, facilities, and product testing must be conducted to ensure rigorous adherence to NSF standards over time. Products that are NSF compliant adhere to the same strict standards but are not subject to the same independent testing. Wessels is proud to use parts that comply with NSF/ANSI Standard 61 in our relevant products.

Other drinking water standards include: 

• WRAS (BS 6920)
• Italian Ministerial Order no. 174
• KTW/UBA
• DVGW–TZW
• DVGW–W270
• ACS
• KIWA CLASS III
• NSF 61
• ÖNORM B 5014-1
• PZH

One example is the WRAS BS 6920 standard: 

The BS 6920 series of standards have been developed to protect the UK population from non-metallic products that come into contact with drinking water, including their effect on flavour, odour and microbial growth. They help ensure that both UK legislation (Water Supply Regulations) and European legislation (Drinking Water Directive) are met. 

Section 2.1 describes the preparation of test samples of all types of non-metallic (including cementitious) materials and products, including water fittings and components, pipes and materials used in coating, protection, lining, jointing, sealing and lubrication, for their suitability for use in contact with water intended for human consumption, with regard to their effect on water quality.

It does not cover metallic materials and products, unless used in conjunction with a non-metallic material, e.g. a coating.

NOTE: National authorities or regulators might require specific additional testing on extracts from certain types of materials; interpretation of these results is the responsibility of the requesting body.

Scope

Part 2 is subdivided into a number of sections and subsections as follows:

Section 2.1: Samples for testing

Section 2.2: Odour and flavour of water

Subsection 2.2.1: General method of test

Subsection 2.2.2: Method of testing odours and flavours imparted to water by multi-layered hoses and composite pipes and tubes

Subsection 2.2.3: Method of testing odours and flavours imparted to water by hoses for conveying water for food and drink preparation

Section 2.3: Appearance of water

Section 2.4: Growth of aquatic microorganisms test

Section 2.5: The extraction of substances that may be of concern to public health

Section 2.6: The extraction of metals

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